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The Messerschmitt Bf 109, commonly called the Me 109〔(''Flight'' (Oct 5, 1939) )〕 (most often by Allied aircrew and even amongst the German aces themselves,〔(''The Blond Knight of Germany: A biography of Erich Hartmann'', by Raymond Toliver and Trevor Constable (1970) - see Glossary, p316 )〕〔(''The First and The Last'', by Adolf Galland (1954) "Look inside" link shows at least 8 uses of Me-109 )〕 even though this was not the official German designation), is a German World War II fighter aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser during the early to mid-1930s.〔Green 1980, pp. 7, 13.〕 The "Bf 109" designation was issued by the German ministry of aviation and represents the developing company Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (at which the engineer Messerschmitt led the development of the plane) and a rather arbitrary figure. It was one of the first truly modern fighters of the era, including such features as all-metal monocoque construction, a closed canopy, and retractable landing gear. It was powered by a liquid-cooled, inverted-V12 aero engine.〔 The Bf 109 first saw operational service during the Spanish Civil War and was still in service at the dawn of the jet age at the end of World War II, during which time it was the backbone of the Luftwaffe's fighter force.〔Nowarra 1993, p. 189.〕 From the end of 1941, the Bf 109 was steadily being supplemented by the superior Focke-Wulf Fw 190. Originally conceived as an interceptor, later models were developed to fulfill multiple tasks, serving as bomber escort, fighter-bomber, day-, night-, all-weather fighter, ground-attack aircraft, and as reconnaissance aircraft. It was supplied to and operated by several states during World War II, and served with several countries for many years after the war. The Bf 109 was the most produced fighter aircraft in history, with a total of 33,984 airframes produced from 1936 up to April 1945.〔U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, Aircraft Division Industry Report, Exhibit I – German Airplane Programs vs Actual Production.〕〔 The Bf 109 was flown by the three top-scoring German fighter aces of World War II, who claimed 928 victories among them while flying with ''Jagdgeschwader'' 52, mainly on the Eastern Front, as well as by Hans-Joachim Marseille, the highest scoring German ace in the North African Campaign,〔("Luftwaffe Aces of the Western Front." ) ''luftwaffe.cz''. Retrieved: 2 January 2010.〕 scoring 158 victories. It was also flown by several other aces from Germany's allies, notably Finn Ilmari Juutilainen, the highest scoring non-German ace on the type with 58 victories flying the Bf 109G, and pilots from Italy, Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria and Hungary. Through constant development, the Bf 109 remained competitive with the latest Allied fighter aircraft until the end of the war.〔Radinger and Otto 1999, pp. 35–37.〕 == Design and development == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Messerschmitt Bf 109」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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